That's where all the would-be partners in the new nucleus shed a bit of mass that is converted into the binding energy or nuclear glue that holds the nucleus together.
That's the long and short of it. A link is provided below. Yes, the protons help hold an atomic nucleus together. Let's look at things and figure this one out. Protons are positively charged, as you know, and like charges repel. The Coulomb forces of the protons push them away from each other.
Further, when protons are packed into an atomic nucleus, they're still pushing away from each other. Let's consider what happens when an atomic nucleus forms. The term nucleon is how we refer to protons and neutrons when they are used as building blocks of an atomic nucleus. And the nucleons all undergo what is called mass deficit when that atomic nucleus if forced together in nuclear fusion. All the nucleons lose some mass during the fusion process, and this mass is converted into nuclear binding energy.
The nuclear binding energy is also called nuclear glue, or residual strong interaction residual strong force. And it is this force that overcomes the repulsive force of the protons, and it keeps the nucleus together.
It turns out that both the protons and neutrons are involved in the "magic" that holds the nucleus together, as we've seen. Certainly the protons cannot do it by themselves, and the neutrons are necessary. But the protons have to give up some mass as well so that residual strong force can appear and mediate the fusion process that holds the nucleus together.
It is nuclear binding energy or residual strong force that overcomes the repulsive force between protons to bind atomic nuclei together.
When atomic nuclei are fused together in a fusion reaction, the "pieces" of matter that are fused undergo a change. This change is mediated by the strong force, which is the force that holds that quarks together to form protons and neutrons.
All the protons and neutrons, which are called nucleons when talking about these particles as building blocks of an atomic nucleus, undergo a small loss of mass.
This is the phenomenon of mass deficit, and that bit of mass that was "taken" from each nucleon is used to create the nuclear binding energy or nuclear glue that holds the atomic nucleus together. Lead can only stay together if it has enough nuclear binding energy to overcome the electrostatic repulsive forces of all the protons in the nucleus of its atom.
Remember that protons are positive charges, and like charges repel. Only nuclear glue, that binding energy, holds the nucleus together. This binding energy is generated during the process wherein the atomic nucleus was created. The neutrons and protons that are going to be in a nucleus all suffer a slight reduction in their mass. This mass deficit is converted into the binding energy that holds a nucleus together.
That's why it takes all those neutrons in the nucleus of an atom to keep the whole thing together. Strong nuclear forces act through gluons in the nucleus. It would be better to say that neutrons do participate in the binding force that holds nuclei together, but do not alone act as the glue.
Both protons and neutrons are attracted and bound in nuclei by the nuclear force. The strong force itself, a fundamental force in physics behind this short-distance attraction between nucleons, is actually mediated by another particle - the gluon.
We know the nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and neutrons. The protons are trying to push each other away, but the residual strong force, which can also be called nuclear binding energy or nuclear glue, holds the nucleus together. When an atomic nucleus is first made, the protons and neutrons in it all undergo what is called mass deficit to create the binding energy necessary to hold the nucleus together. A bit of their mass is converted into this nuclear binding energy.
As we move up the periodic table and atomic nuclei get larger, the repulsive forces created by all those positively charged protons gets really large. And the nucleus needs increasing binding energy to hold all the protons together. The "extra" or increased binding energy needed to stabilize the nucleus come from neutrons. At the lower end of the periodic table, there is an approximately one-to-one ratio of neutrons to protons.
But as we move up the periodic table, the ratio increases gradually as the neutrons begin to outnumber the protons. This explains why as we move up the periodic table, atoms have more neutrons than protons.
Atoms never have two or more protons in their nucleus without having at least one neutron or more. Protons don't like each other. They have a positive electrostatic charge, and like charges repel each other.
So protons alone cannot make up an atomic nucleus. Enter, the neutron. When atoms are created by fusion, neutrons are included in the construction. They have to be. In fusion, the building blocks of a new atomic nucleus are "smooshed" together, and all of the particles undergo a mass change. Each nucleon loses a bit of mass, and that mass is converted into nuclear binding energy or nuclear glue. And it is this stuff that makes the protons stick together with the neutrons.
It takes protons and neutrons to contribute to the creation of binding energy to cause a nucleus to fuse together. The hydrogen-1 isotope the most abundant form of hydrogen has no neutrons, which is possible because it only has one proton.
The answer lies in the reason that a nucleus sticks together. Recall that the nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons except most hydrogen, which is hydrogen And protons don't like each other. They repel each other; they don't want to get with the program. The protons are trying to push the atomic nucleus apart, so what holds the nucleus together?
Atoms are created by fusion, and in fusion, all the nucleons the particles that will be making up the nucleus, those protons and neutrons will be giving up a bit of their mass. This happens in the fusion process, and that mass will be converted into binding energy or nuclear glue to hold the whole thing together. At higher mass numbers, the energy needed to bind all the protons together rises quickly, and more neutrons are needed to contribute some of their mass to create the extra binding energy.
That's why the approximately one-to-one ratio of protons to neutrons only holds true at low atomic numbers. Go on up the periodic table of elements, and more and more neutrons are needed to make more and more binding energy. You probably figured out that at the very high atomic numbers, the atomic nucleus simply cannot be kept together by the binding energy.
There just can't be enough created in any fusion reaction. Heavier and heavier elements cannot be made and kept together. And you would be absolutely correct thinking that, because that's the way it is. It is nickel that is most stable atomic nuclei. The reason for this is based on what is in the nucleus of an atom and the way the nucleus of an atom is held together.
Put on your thinking cap and let's look into the situation to see if we can make sense of things. We'll back up and do a bit of review. Protons and neutrons are fused together in atomic nuclei hydrogen-1 with its lone proton nucleus being the exception. Nuclear binding energy or residual strong force holds the protons and neutrons called nucleons when they are considered part of an atomic nucleus all together. The strong force, you'll recall, is the force that holds individual quarks and gluons that make up the individual protons and neutrons.
The nuclear glue that we mentioned is derived from a small fraction of the mass of eachnucleon, and each of the nucleons has had a bit of its mass converted into this binding energy. To find the "most stable" atomic nucleus, we need to find the one isotope of the element that has the highest binding energy per nucleon. And that particular isotope is nickel So you can think of them as being made out of Charge or Energy either one of them.
They act as a medium for strong interactions between Quarks. Quarks are the elementary particles that make up the protons, neutrons and electrons. Gravity on Earth The sun's gravity keeps Earth in orbit around it, keeping us at a comfortable distance to enjoy the sun's light and warmth. It holds down our atmosphere and the air we need to breath. Gravity is what holds our world together. Inertia is the force that holds the universe together.
Without it, matter would lack the electric forces necessary to form its current arrangement. Inertia is counteracted by the heat and kinetic energy produced by moving particles. So in answer to the question " What are electrons made up of?
In an atom there are three fundamental forces that keep atoms together. The electromagnetic force keeps the electrons attached to the atom. The strong force keeps the protons and neutrons together in the atom. Very simplified illustrations of protons, neutrons, pions, and other hadrons show that they are made of quarks yellow spheres and antiquarks green spheres , which are bound together by gluons bent ribbons.
In nuclear physics and particle physics , the weak interaction , which is also often called the weak force or weak nuclear force , is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Neutrons are neutral and do not have any charge at all.
Protons carry a positive charge , and electrons carry the negative charge. Therefore, when an object has a negative charge , then that object contains more electrons than protons. Protons have a positive charge. Electrons have a negative charge. The charge on the proton and electron are exactly the same size but opposite.
Neutrons have no charge. A quark is a fast-moving point of energy. Protons and neutrons are composed of two types: up quarks and down quarks. Gluon, the so-called messenger particle of the strong nuclear force, which binds subatomic particles known as quarks within the protons and neutrons of stable matter as well as within heavier, short-lived particles created at high energies. The strong force and you The Higgs field gives mass to fundamental particles—the electrons, quarks and other building blocks that cannot be broken into smaller parts.
The energy of this interaction between quarks and gluons is what gives protons and neutrons their mass. Quarks look similar to electrons , a quantum cloud of uncertainty. The forces between those quarks, the strong nuclear force that binds them together, involves a heck of a lot of energy.
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