Ammonia is the waste produced by metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds like proteins and nucleic acids. While aquatic animals can easily excrete ammonia into their watery surroundings, terrestrial animals have evolved special mechanisms to eliminate the toxic ammonia from their systems. Urea is the major byproduct of ammonia metabolism in vertebrate animals. Uric acid is the major byproduct of ammonia metabolism in birds, terrestrial arthropods, and reptiles. Skip to content Chapter Osmotic Regulation and Excretion.
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Compare and contrast the way in which aquatic animals and terrestrial animals can eliminate toxic ammonia from their systems Compare the major byproduct of ammonia metabolism in vertebrate animals to that of birds, insects, and reptiles. Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste The theory of evolution proposes that life started in an aquatic environment. Gout Mammals use uric acid crystals as an antioxidant in their cells.
Figure Compare and contrast the formation of urea and uric acid. Answers A C It is believed that the urea cycle evolved to adapt to a changing environment when terrestrial life forms evolved. The urea cycle is the primary mechanism by which mammals convert ammonia to urea. Different echinoderms excrete waste in different methods Echinoderms. Sea Cucumbers nitrogenous wastes diffuse through their cell walls and are expelled through the rectum Osmoregulation.
Starfish follow a different method Osmoregulation. In starfish, nitrogenous waste is moved through their tube feet and papulae Osmoregulation. Azotemia or uremia means high blood levels of nitrogenous waste. The kidneys remove nitrogenous waste from the blood and produce urine to remove the waste. Mollusks have a unique way of excreting nitrogenous waste.
It is processed in the excretory organ and released into the water. Urine contains nitrogenous wastes. Urea and creatinineThe Urea is the main nitrogenous waste product that is excreted by the human kidneys. Because birds eliminate water and solid waste from the same hole in their body, they don't have a hole for urine and a separate hole for solid waste.
They have kidneys. They defecate. Log in. Animal Health. See Answer. Best Answer. Study guides. Q: How do birds eliminate nitrogenous waste? Write your answer Related questions. What structures eliminate nitrogenous wastes in the earthworm and grasshopper? What is the main nitrogenous waste excreted by birds? They have liquid that moves around in their bodies, picking up waste.
They may have some way to pump this liquid, or it may just get squished around as they move. The fluid may move in tubes, like blood vessels, or just be in the open spaces in the body.
They usually have an opening to allow the liquid out. Bigger invertebrates are more likely to have pumps hearts and tubes arteries and veins for moving the fluid.
They are also more likely to have organs to process the liquid waste kidneys and tubes to carry the waste out of the body. For solid waste, most animals have an opening at the end of their gut to let the waste out. But there are other animals, like sea anemones who have one opening that acts as a mouth for food to go in, and an anus for waste to go out.
Some invertebrates are huge.
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